Circuit-based coordinative approach and cognitive-motor performance in children with level 1 autism spectrum disorder: an observational pilot study

Abstract

Introduction: Innovative interventions are important to support functional improvements in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Objective: To investigate the effects of 12 weeks of a circuit-based coordinative approach (CCA) on cognitive–motor performance in children with level 1 ASD. Method: Seven male children aged 7 to 12 years participated. The CCA was delivered twice weekly in 70-minute sessions. For diagnostic, attentional, and behavioral assessments, the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Rating Scale–IV (SNAP-IV), and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) were administered, respectively. Postural control was measured using a force platform under eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) conditions. A model motor circuit (MMC) was used to assess motor coordination. Paired t-tests and generalized estimating equations were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Results: The children were confirmed as level 1 ASD. After the intervention, improvements were observed in cognitive-behavioral scores (ATEC) (p = 0.022) and inattentiveness scores (SNAP-IV) (p = 0.036), whereas hyperactivity showed no significant change (p = 0.078). Regarding balance, center-ofpressure sway area decreased under EC (p = 0.026), and mean velocity decreased under EO and EC (p < 0.001). Errors and completion time decreased on the MMC (from 3:14 min to 1:18 min). Conclusion: The CCA significantly improved cognitive and attentional performance, postural stability, and motor coordination in children with level 1 ASD, and it may represent a feasible, low-cost, nonpharmacological strategy to promote functional development in this population.