Occupational therapy intervention with a young male adult living with HIV/AIDS and COVID-19: a case study

Abstract

Introduction: People living with HIV/AIDS may experience restrictions in daily activities because of the disease and its treatment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these difficulties became more pronounced. Additionally, these individuals have specific needs for palliative care that are often overlooked. Objective: To report the case of a young adult with HIV/AIDS who was hospitalized with COVID-19, focusing on the occupational therapy intervention process grounded in the principles of palliative care. Methods: A case study conducted following the CARE Statement and Checklist. Results: The patient was hospitalized with COVID-19 and assessed using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Identification of Palliative Needs (NECPAL), and Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) instruments. He exhibited total dependence in activities of daily living (ADL) and emotional distress related to fear of death, along with low adherence to treatment. His clinical history included multiple complications qualifying him for palliative care. Occupational therapy interventions included training on ADL and motor skills, environmental adaptations, active listening, strengthening health self-management, and guidance on advance care planning. The patient regained independence, improved treatment adherence, and resumed life projects. Conclusion: The findings highlighted the grief associated with dependence on activities and the isolation due to COVID-19, the importance of timely occupational therapy follow-up, the role of health self-management, and the need for a thorough assessment of ADL for rehabilitation, including in palliative care contexts.