Exploring the relationship of cognitive and physical health with volunteering among community dwelling elderly

Abstract

Introduction: The increasing population of older people globally causes specific problems for both individuals and society. While reduced cognitive function and reduced physical fitness are related to aging, some older adults have non-pronounced disabilities and inevitably have much spare time affording them to engage in a variety of activities like volunteering which benefits them and their community. Objective: The present study aimed to explore the relationship between cognitive and physical health to volunteering among community dwelling retired individuals in Iran. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 296 retired community dwelling older adults over age 60 were selected as multi-step convenience sampling method and filled out the questionnaires voluntarily. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognitive function, and the Short-Form 36 (SF36) Health Survey and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were completed by the participants to assess their physical fitness and their mental health status. The demographic information was also assessed using the Demographic Information Questionnaire. Results: The study results indicated that the older adults who have better cognitive function (r=0.367, P<0.001, U=0.6316) and physical fitness (r=0.189, P=0.001, 2.8582) participate more in volunteering. Conclusion: Participation in volunteering is directly and significantly related to the cognitive functioning, physical fitness, and quality of life of selected older people in Iran. Volunteering is inversely related to anxiety and insomnia, depression, and social dysfunction among these selected retired Iranians.>< 0.001, U=0.6316) and physical fitness (r=0.189, P=0.001, 2.8582) participate more in volunteering. Conclusion: Participation in volunteering is directly and significantly related to the cognitive functioning, physical fitness, and quality of life of selected older people in Iran. Volunteering is inversely related to anxiety and insomnia, depression, and social dysfunction among these selected retired Iranians.