Reflections on the actions of occupational therapists in emergencies and disasters: historical trajectory, current landscape, and future challenges

Abstract

Emergencies and disasters have increased in both intensity and frequency over the past decades. Their effects impact lives, socioeconomic conditions, and the environment, and are often accompanied by ethical dilemmas, political hesitation, and scientific denialism—underscoring the need for coordinated, cross-sectoral actions. To this end, it is essential to revisit and reconsider certain misunderstandings surrounding terms, notions, and concepts, integrating them as important elements of emergency and disaster management. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify historical aspects and emerging perspectives in the field of emergencies and disasters, particularly those related to occupational therapy. In the first part, we summarize the key elements to be considered in the conceptual development of the field and its implications. In the second part, we reflect on institutional intervention frameworks that occupational therapists have employed in this field of knowledge, seeking to expand the theoretical and practical scope, in Brazil.