Understanding the process of becoming a family caregiver for stroke survivors

Abstract

Introduction: The transition to becoming a family caregiver (FC) for a stroke survivor (SS) is a complex and challenging process that requires personal and social adaptation, influenced by role expectations and enabling factors. This role is often assumed without planning and is affected by the emotional impact of the stroke and the individual characteristics of both the caregiver and the patient. Objective: To explore the transition and performance process as an FC of an SS during the first year following the cerebrovascular event. Methodology: Qualitative research with a phenomenological approach, conducted at a medium to high complexity hospital. Five female family caregivers of stroke survivors were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected through surveys, semi-structured and in-depth interviews, field notes, and clinical records. Data analysis was conducted using the constant comparison method. Results: Participants were unprepared to assume the FC role, and their performance in this role changed throughout the first year following the stroke. This change was influenced by factors related to the SS, the caregiver, and the context in which the care was provided. Conclusion: The implementation and development of care change throughout the first year following the stroke due to various factors. Understanding these factors can contribute to the design and implementation of more effective therapeutic approaches for family caregivers during the care process.